Procurement is an integral part
of any organization, whether it is for products and services that keep the
lights on, or for those that serve as input in the production of a
product. When processes are standard and
repetitive and the supplier base consistent and stable, many procure-to-pay
solutions and automation platforms can serve to reduce cost and increase
efficiencies in the organization.
The challenge becomes greater as
complexity increases. An increasing
number and variety of suppliers, an evolving diversity of requisition types,
and a set of other factors could complicate the interaction between the buying
enterprise and its vendors and require a greater level of flexibility and human
intervention to ensure data accuracy, timely and accurate delivery and on-time
payment.
Any large enterprise can face
complex procurement, yet it is more characteristic of those which are capital
intensive, and which have a complex supply chain. The complexity stems from the presence of processes that are based on agreements
and blanket orders with inherent ordering rules and conditions around pricing,
shipping, and deliveries, as well as those with mandated supply chain rules,
special delivery scheduling and conditions.
It also stems from the presence of orders with hundreds of line items,
partial shipments per line and multiple receiving and invoices per line,
processes that include intermediate warehouses and/or 3PL, QA, MRB, 4WM and
returns, import via sea or air freight, and more.
In such environments, enterprises invest a significant
amount of time and effort ensuring that suppliers comply with their business
rules and policies, following up on order fulfillment, supply chain execution
and on-time delivery, validating invoices, handling invoice reconciliation
processes, validating payments, handling a significant number of errors and
discrepancies, and preventing fraud.
Additionally, complex environments often involve multiple geographies
and the associated differing rules, regulations, and cultures, as well as the
presence of multiple applications and ERP systems.
Complex Industries
There are multiple industries
that deal with complex procurements every day.
Some examples include Oil and Gas, Project-based Manufacturing, Life
Sciences, and Consumer Goods.
Oil and gas companies, which need
custom-designed infrastructure that can change based on sea depth, land
topography, or the depth of the ores are just two examples of this type of
company.
Project-based manufacturers, such
as construction companies, power plant builders, commercial HVAC companies,
industrial cranes, and specialty automobile manufacturers all have complex
procurement needs to ensure that their projects are built to spec.
Life science companies, which
operate laboratories and are involved in biology, physiology, botany, and other
related sciences require parts that meet exacting specifications.
Consumer goods also have exact
specifications for some of their parts.
All these types of companies are
faced with difficult procurement issues, and unfortunately, most existing
software fails to address their complex spends.
Procurement’s Challenges in Complex Environments
The chief procurement officer
(CPO) needs a system that can handle varied types of interactions with
suppliers. Using non-traditional vendors to source custom parts may involve
processes that are outside standard business practices.
For example, the exchange of
information around inventory, scheduling, planning, quality, technical
specifications, and engineering concerns may require going beyond a standard
sourcing RFP or issuing a purchase order.
These types of procurements
require a significant investment of time and effort, to ensure that the
supplier complies with the business' rules and policies. As many of these
suppliers tend to be smaller operations, they lack the expensive computer
systems and B2B integrations that make procurement paperwork flow smoothly
between the company and its supplier.
Because these engagements take
place outside typical operations, it opens the door to quality issues such as
errors in the final product and discrepancies between the volume that was
ordered and the number of goods delivered. There is also the real possibility
of fraud, kickbacks, and other illegal activities.
These challenges are further
complicated due to the lack of communication channels between the suppliers and
company, as well as differences in geography, culture, multiple ERP systems, different
measurement and electrical systems, and different regulations applying to
different locations.
Capabilities that Enable Complex Procurements
Based on our experience working
with complex procurements, we’ve found that there are essentially six different
capabilities that smooth out the process and enable businesses to successfully
collaborate with multiple vendors for complex procurements.
System Coverage
Procurement departments require a
system that provides them with the ability to quickly implement and automate
complex business processes. For example, they need forecasting tools that can anticipate
their needs ahead of time, giving procurement enough time to source a supplier
and place their order.
VMI capabilities provide
suppliers with a clearer view of what’s needed, while vendor consignment
processes enable parts to be delivered to the purchaser’s premises but remain
on the books of the supplier until the vendor uses them.
Advanced shipment notice (ASN)
and delivery scheduling capabilities also ensure that these goods can be
delivered and provide visibility to the company about supplies they need. Other
tools like S/N, import, 3PL, JIT, task management, and Q&A all work
together to provide the company with the system coverage they need to manage
their complex procurements.
Procurement systems with built-in
processes and templates simplify the steps buyers need to take when placing
orders. Additionally, process governance and compliance features allow for
automated follow-ups and document reconciliations.
Process Governance
Businesses must have automated
tools to govern their procure-to-pay processes, as well as have the ability to
verify that both the supplier and the company are performing their required
tasks while adhering to corporate policy.
Through effective governance,
companies can manage and control supplier response, and ensure that both
parties have shared the information required to successfully acquire the
product. This includes specs, delivery times, and other details in the purchase,
as well as step-by-step guidance to suppliers, walking them through every
response type.
Any notifications, alerts, and
escalation processes are part of governance. They need to be aligned with the
buyer's business rules and policies but customized to the specific role of the
recipient, while automatically following up on open issues within the governed
process.
Automation tools are required to
involve the highest number of suppliers. This includes rapid supplier
onboarding using automated, dynamic guidance based on specific process logic,
required activities for each process, and step-by-step requirements that are aligned
with the specific procure-to-pay process.
Process Compliance
Procurement teams need a system to
verify that the supplier is adhering to the company’s business policies and
requirements. Additionally, the system needs to ensure that the information
shared between the company and the supplier is consistent across all
documentation and that the information the company receives from the supplier
is accurate.
This includes having the
capability of automatically reconciling e-invoices, and validating transactions
and documents such as PO confirmations, attachments, and shipping notifications,
even when some of the data is missing or doesn’t entirely match data in
previous documents.
Discrepancy Management
Discrepancy management is an
important tool for procurement teams. It marks the ability to identify, in
real-time, errors, discrepancies, missing data, documents, certifications, or
other required paperwork to guide the supplier through correction procedures.
Automation tools embedded in this
process should be able to identify and correct errors as well, based on
predefined business rules and policies.
Finally, complex procurement
tools must have the ability to automatically resolve discrepancies using
machine-learning technology that can learn user behavior.
Supplier Relationship Management
Providing a supplier relationship
management environment helps facilitate communication between the company and
its suppliers, as well as provides accessible storage capabilities for supplier
data, documents, and certifications.
This environment enables businesses
to easily interact with their customers, sharing documents that need to be
completed and tracking document expiration dates.
It also facilitates direct,
free-text conversation between companies and their suppliers, with built-in
corporate supplier hierarchies and categories, as well as automated responses
and searchable FAQs.
Businesses can also use machine
learning automation, with continuous improvement processes that can learn user
behavior and receive feedback.
Integration with Multiple ERP Systems
For businesses working with
multiple vendors, it’s important that their system integrates with the myriad
of ERP systems that their customers are using. This enables suppliers to
maintain their existing work environment and procure-to-pay processes, as well
as turn manual activities into automated processes that eliminate errors and
resolve disputes autonomously.
Finding the Right Tool for Complex Procurements
Most procurement tools fail when
working with complex environments because they require suppliers to adapt to their
customer's systems. While this might seem ideal to the customer, suppliers work
with hundreds of customers, and creating B2B integrations to make them
compatible with every system is unrealistic.
Rather, businesses facing these
challenges should look for a procurement solution that functions as an
interface that connects disparate ERP systems. These solutions don’t place any
demands on the suppliers and allow them to easily interact with their
customer’s purchasing department.
This connectivity facilitates
communication, introduces automation, and checks for errors in documentation
that can delay processing and payment until its resolved.
Complex procurements are, by
their very nature, complex. They push procurement teams outside their standard
supply chain to source materials and parts that would otherwise be impossible
to get. Simplifying the connection between vendors and suppliers goes a long
way toward facilitating smooth processes once the suppliers are identified.
Ilan Friedman
Director of International Growth Strategy and Engagement
Nipendo
info@nipendo.com